Its atomic radius increases form top to bottom inside a group, then decreases from left and right across a period. As a result, francium is indeed the largest element while helium is the smallest.
Which atomic size has the smaller diameter?Atomic radii inside the periodic table decrease across a row form left to right and increase across a column from top to bottom. Due to these two patterns, the periodic table's lower left and upper right corners, respectively, contain the largest and smallest atoms.
Which atom is the smallest?The atomic radius grows form top to bottom inside a group and decreases form left to right during a period, as seen in the images below. As a result, francium is indeed the largest element while helium is the smallest.
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a. The atom with the smaller atomic size is: Nitrogen
a. The atom with the smaller atomic size is: Arsenic.
How is atomic size of elements calculated?Atomic size, also known as atomic radius, is the distance between the nucleus of an atom and its outermost electrons. It is typically measured in picometers (pm) or angstroms (Å). The atomic size of an element can be calculated by finding the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron shell of an atom of that element. This distance can be determined using various methods, including X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy. The atomic size of elements generally decreases from left to right across a period and increases from top to bottom down a group in the periodic table.
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Which of the following molecules would be most favorable to undergo an E2 reaction rather than an SN2 reaction with NaOH
2-bromopropane molecules would be most favorable to undergo an E2 reaction rather than an SN2 reaction with NaOH. Here option B is the correct answer.
An E2 reaction occurs when a strong base removes a proton from a beta-carbon adjacent to a leaving group, leading to the formation of a double bond and the departure of the leaving group. An SN2 reaction, on the other hand, involves a nucleophile attacking the carbon bearing the leaving group while the leaving group departs.
The relative favorability of E2 and SN2 reactions depends on the strength of the nucleophile and the base, the steric hindrance around the carbon bearing the leaving group, and the nature of the leaving group.
In this case, NaOH is a strong base, and the molecule that is most favorable to undergo an E2 reaction is the one with the least steric hindrance around the carbon bearing the leaving group, which is 2-bromopropane. The other molecules have more steric hindrance around the carbon bearing the leaving group, making them less favorable to undergo E2 reactions.
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Complete question:
Which of the following molecules would be most favorable to undergo an E2 reaction rather than an SN2 reaction with NaOH?
a) 1-bromopropane
b) 2-bromopropane
c) 1-chloropropane
d) 2-chloropropane
What kind of scientist would study the effects of acid rain on marble statues? A. A physicist B. A biologist C. A chemist D. An economist
Scientists would research the impacts of marble monuments and acid rain. A chemist. Hoping this is useful.
The correct answer is :C.
What are the substances that change the earth's surface?Surface sediments are transported and large stones are broken up through wind, water, and ice. Years are often needed for weathering, erosion, and deposition to cause noticeable changes. Nonetheless, certain things change the Planet's surface far more quickly than others. Extreme events, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions are a few of them.
What adjustments to the Planet's surface may rain makes?Weathering and erosion caused by water movement change the properties of the terrain. Regional wind patterns and climate are defined by several interactions, including the role of the ocean. The unique physical and chemical properties of water have a profound effect on the planet's dynamics.
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Draw the lewis structure for NO2- including any valid resonance structures. which of the following statements are true?
a. the nitrite ion contains 2 N-O bonds that are equivalent to 1 1/2 bonds.
b. the nitrite ion contains 2 N=O double bonds
c. the nitrite ion contains 1 N-O single bond and one N=O double bond
d. the nitrite ion contains 2 N-O single bonds
the answer is A, but I don't understand why
The Lewis structure for NO₂⁻ is found in the attachment.
The correct statement is the nitrite ion contains 1 N-O single bond and one N=O double bond. The correct option is C.
Which of the given statements is true?This is because the nitrite ion (NO2-) has a resonance structure in which the double bond can move between the two oxygen atoms.
This means that the nitrite ion has a partial double bond character, where one bond is a single bond between nitrogen and one of the oxygen atoms (N-O) and the other bond is a double bond between nitrogen and the other oxygen atom (N=O).
Therefore, statement (a) is not true, as the two N-O bonds in the nitrite ion are not equivalent to 1 1/2 bonds. Statement (b) is not true, as there is only one N=O double bond in the nitrite ion. Statement (d) is not true, as there is only one N-O single bond in the nitrite ion.
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17 points The Art Forger Who Tricked the Nazis
Where did the trial take place? What was the defendant accused of?
What was strange about his defense?
How did Han van Meegeren manage to forge the works of art so well? What did he do to make them look authentic?
How could forensic testing have changed this case?
What ultimately happened to van Meegeren?
Money to Run, But No Skills to Hide
How did Schrenker try to fake his own death? How did he get caught?
Why is creating a new state ID harder to do these days?
Why is it so difficult to fake a passport? What is the easiest way for criminals to obtain a passport?
Why does Mr. Abagnale claim it is easy to get a fraudulent passport? What steps does someone have to take to make this happen?
Why was Mr. Abagnale arrested? What happened to him after his arrest?
Answer:
but I have a great day to be a good day for a new post it on your own life to be the
Gaseous ethane (CH3CH3) reacts with gaseous oxygen gas (0₂) to produce gaseous carbon dioxide (CO₂) and gaseous water (H₂O). If 69.7 g of carbon
dioxide is produced from the reaction of 26.76 g of ethane and 169.4 g of oxygen gas, calculate the percent yield of carbon dioxide.
Round your answer to 3 significant figures.
Answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
C2H6 + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
To calculate the theoretical yield of CO2, we need to use the given amount of ethane and oxygen gas to determine which reactant is limiting, and then use stoichiometry to calculate the amount of CO2 that should be produced.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of ethane and oxygen gas used in the reaction:
moles of ethane = 26.76 g / 30.07 g/mol = 0.8908 mol
moles of oxygen gas = 169.4 g / 32.00 g/mol = 5.304 mol
Next, we need to determine which reactant is limiting by comparing the number of moles of each reactant to their stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation. The stoichiometric ratio of ethane to oxygen gas is 1:3, so every one mole of ethane requires three moles of oxygen gas. Therefore, the limiting reactant is ethane, because there are only 0.8908 moles of it, whereas there are 5.304 moles of oxygen gas.
Using the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, we can calculate the theoretical yield of CO2:
moles of CO2 = moles of ethane × (2 moles of CO2 / 1 mole of C2H6) = 0.8908 mol × 2 = 1.7816 mol
mass of CO2 = moles of CO2 × molar mass of CO2 = 1.7816 mol × 44.01 g/mol = 78.5 g
Now, we can calculate the percent yield of CO2:
percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100%
actual yield = 69.7 g
percent yield = (69.7 g / 78.5 g) × 100% = 88.7%
Therefore, the percent yield of CO2 is 88.7%.
A liquid has a volume of 40,0 mL and a mass of 45,0 g. Calculate the specific gravity of the liquid
The specific gravity of the liquid is 1.125.
What is the specific gravity of the liquid?The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio of its density to the density of water at a particular temperature.
Therefore, we need to calculate the density of the liquid and compare it to the density of water at the same temperature.
The formula for density is:
density = mass/volume
density of the liquid = 45.0 g / 40.0 mL = 1.125 g/mL
At 4 °C, the density of water is 1.000 g/mL.
Therefore, the specific gravity of the liquid is:
specific gravity = density of liquid / density of water = 1.125 g/mL / 1.000 g/mL = 1.125
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draw the diagram of the formation of copper tetramine ion
Answer:
[tex]this \: is \: the \: diagram \: of \: the \: formation \: of \: \\ copper \: tetramine \: ion[/tex]
I need help please anyone ?!!!?!
Answer:
answer A is the answer suii
Answer:
A
Explanation:
u put it down and let them pick it up themselves so if anything happens u are not to be blamed
The enthalpy of vaporization for methanol is 35.2 kJ/mol. Methanol has a vapor pressure of 1 atm at 64.7 oC. Using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, what is the vapor pressure for methanol at 31.9 oC? Give your answer in atmospheres, to the third decimal point.
Using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the pressure can be obtained as 3.86 atm
What is the Clausius-Clapeyron equation?The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is an important thermodynamic equation that relates the vapor pressure of a liquid to its temperature and enthalpy of vaporization
The Clausius-Clapeyron equation describes how the vapor pressure of a liquid changes as a function of temperature, and how it is related to the enthalpy of vaporization of the liquid. This equation is particularly useful in understanding the behavior of substances at different temperatures and pressures, and is often used in thermodynamic calculations related to phase transitions and chemical reactions involving liquids and gases.
We know that;
ln(P2/P1) = ΔH/R (1/T2 - 1/T1)
ln(P2/1) = 35.2 * 10^3/8.314 (1/304.9 - 1/337.7)
ln(P2/1) = 35.2 * 10^3/8.314 (3.28 - 2.96) * 10^-3
P2/1 = e^1.35
P2 = 1 * e^1.35
P2 = 3.86 atm
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Help me please very confused?
Answer:
Your answer is on the attached image. I hope this helps!
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molarity of a solution that contains 29.4 grams of NaCl in 250 ml of water?
Answer:
2.16 M
Explanation:
The molarity of the solution is 2.16 M. To calculate the molarity, you need to first determine the number of moles: 29.4 grams of NaCl is equal to 0.737 moles. Then, divide the number of moles, 0.737, by the volume of the solution, which is 250 mL. Multiplying the result by 1000 gives the molarity, which is 2.16 M.
yw
How many atoms of lithium are in 18.7 g?
The atoms of lithium that are in 18.7 g is 16 × 10²³ atoms . This is taken out by mole concept .
What is mole concept ?The mole is a unit of measurement similar to the pair, dozen, gross, and so on. It provides a precise count of the atoms or molecules in a bulk sample of matter. A mole is the amount of substance that contains the same number of discrete entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.)
if 7 grams of lithium contain 6 × 10²³ atoms
then 18.7 will contain 16 × 10²³ atoms
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(NH4)2S is a strong electrolyte. Determine the concentration of each of the individual ions in a 0.550 M (NH4)2S solution.
The concentration of each of the individual ions of the strong electrolyte in a 0.550 M (NH4)2S solution is 0.1100M and 0.550M. (NH4)2 S is a strong electrolyte as it completely dissociates into NH4+ and S2- ions.
A strong electrolyte is known as a solution or solute that completely or almost completely, ionizes or dissociates in a solution. These electrolytes are good conductors of electric current in the solution. Strong electrolyte is defined as a chemical in aqueous solution which is a good conductor of electricity. The term is also known as molar concentration. Molar concentration of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. In order to calculate the molarity of a solution we have to divide the moles of solute by the volume of the solution expressed in liters.
So, (NH4)2S as strong electrolyte with complete dissociation, have the amount of molarity added times the number of moles of each compound:
NH4+ = 2 x (.550M) = .1100M
S2- = .550M
So the concentrations are determined are .1100M and .550M.
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For a certain series of reactions, if [OH−][HCO−3]/[CO2−3]=K1 and [OH−][H2CO3]/[HCO−3]=K2, what is the equilibrium constant expression for the overall reaction? Write the overall equilibrium equation.
Answer:
Explanation:
The overall equilibrium equation can be obtained by combining the two given equations:
H2CO3 + OH- → HCO3- + H2O (1)
HCO3- + OH- → CO32- + H2O (2)
Adding equations (1) and (2), we get:
H2CO3 + 2OH- → CO32- + 2H2O
Dividing the second equation by the first, we get:
[CO32-][H2O]/[HCO3-] = K2
Multiplying the above equation with the first equation, we get:
[H2CO3][CO32-][H2O]^2/[HCO3-] = K1*K2
Thus, the equilibrium constant expression for the overall reaction is:
[K] = [H2CO3][CO32-][H2O]^2/[HCO3-]
where [K] = K1*K2.
(d) Calculate the number of moles of O atoms in 3.5×1024 molecules of Al2(SO4)3
please help!!!
Answer:
The chemical formula of aluminum sulfate is Al2(SO4)3.
The formula shows that there are 3 atoms of oxygen (O) in each molecule of Al2(SO4)3.
Number of molecules of Al2(SO4)3 = 3.5×1024
Number of O atoms in 1 molecule of Al2(SO4)3 = 3
Number of O atoms in 3.5×1024 molecules of Al2(SO4)3 = (3.5×1024) x 3
= 1.05×1025
Therefore, there are 1.05×1025 moles of O atoms in 3.5×1024 molecules of Al2(SO4)3.
which substance would shatter when hit with a hammer? steel, bronze, table salt, copper
Answer:
Table salt.
Explanation:
Table salt would shatter when hit with a hammer.
PLSSSSSS HELPPPPP
1) Assuming the diameter of the circle represents a proton, calculate the relative distance of the electron from the proton in a hydrogen atom. Show your calculation in the space below.
2) Roll out a length of yarn to reflect the length you just calculated; this will illustrate the relative distance of the electron from the proton.
3)What can you conclude when comparing the size of the proton with the distance of the electron from the proton?
4)Measure the diameter of a pea with the metric ruler and record this value.
5)Assuming the diameter of the pea represents a proton, calculate the relative distance of the electron from the proton in a hydrogen atom.
6)What do you think lies between the proton and the electron in a hydrogen atom?
7)s the electron always in one spot in a hydrogen atom, or does its position change?
Answer: For 1 is The diameter of a proton is 1.75× 10-15lm. The Bohr radius — the most probable distance from the nucleus to the electron — is 5.29 ×10-11lm. The diameter of a hydrogen atom is therefore 2 × 5.29 ×10-11lm = 1.058 ×10-10lm.
15. At normal temperatures, which of the following substances can be classified as a
fluid?
A oxygen
B marble
C silver
The substance that can be classified as a fluid at normal temperatures is oxygen (3). Fluid refers to any substance that can flow. All gaseous and liquid materials are classified as fluids.
What are fluids ?A substance capable of continuously flowing and deforming under shared stress. Fluids are a subset of matter's phases that include liquids and gases. Fluids are substances that deform continuously when subjected to external force. These are the substances that cannot withstand shear force (the force that causes a change in shape) when applied to them. Air, water, toothpaste, molten lava, and so on. A fluid flows as a result of force or pressure.
What are properties of fluid ?Density-The density of a fluid is its mass per unit volume. It is the mathematical ratio of the fluids' mass to volume.
The weight of fluids per unit volume is known as specific weight. It is the mathematical ratio of the fluids' weight to volume.
Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of fluid specific weight or mass density to standard fluid specific weight or mass density. Fluids in the case of liquid standards are water, whereas fluids in the case of gases standards are air.
The resistance provided by a layer of fluids when it moves over another layer of fluids is referred to as its viscosity.
Surface tension is a tensile force that acts on the surface of a body.
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The principle of polymers. polymers clearly plan an important role in the molecular economy of the cell. for each statement below, state why it is false and change it to a correct description.
a. polymers are assembled from monomers in an extracellular compartment and are transported into the cell when required.
b. polysaccharides are one of the three main macromolecular polymers in the cell. a polysaccharide molecule contains a number of different monomers, which gives rise to millions of polysaccharide sequences.
Polysaccharides are a type of carbohydrate polymer composed of repeating units of monosaccharides. They are not one of the three main types of macromolecular polymers in the cell.
The reason for false statement are as following :-
a. The statement is false because polymers are assembled from monomers within the cell, not in an extracellular compartment. Cells have the ability to synthesize a variety of polymers, including nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates, to perform specific functions within the cell. The assembly of polymers from monomers is an energy-intensive process that requires enzymes and specific conditions, such as the appropriate temperature and pH level. Therefore, the synthesis of polymers typically occurs within the cell.
A correct description would be: Polymers are assembled from monomers within the cell, and the synthesis of polymers is an energy-intensive process that requires enzymes and specific conditions.
b. The statement is false because polysaccharides are not one of the three main macromolecular polymers in the cell. The three main types of macromolecular polymers in the cell are nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Polysaccharides are a type of carbohydrate polymer, but they are not one of the three main types of macromolecular polymers. Polysaccharides are composed of repeating units of monosaccharides, which gives rise to a limited number of polysaccharide sequences.
A correct description would be: Polysaccharides are a type of carbohydrate polymer composed of repeating units of monosaccharides. They are not one of the three main types of macromolecular polymers in the cell.
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why can't the enthalpy of formation of calcium carbonate be determined directly?
The enthalpy change can not be measured directly because you have to take into account how much energy was put into the reaction in the first place.
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Calculate number of moles 45g H2O
45g of H2O is equivalent to 2.497 moles of water.
What is the molar mass of water?The molar mass of water (H2O) is 18.015 g/mol.
How many molecules are in 45g of water?To calculate the number of molecules in 45g of water, we need to use Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of water in 45g using the formula:
number of moles = mass / molar mass
number of moles = 45 g / 18.015 g/mol
number of moles = 2.497 mol
Then, we can use Avogadro's number to convert the number of moles to molecules:
number of molecules = number of moles x Avogadro's number
number of molecules = 2.497 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol
number of molecules = 1.505 x 10^24 molecules
Therefore, there are 1.505 x 10^24 molecules in 45g of water.
To calculate the number of moles in 45g of H2O (water), we need to use the molar mass of water, which is 18.015 g/mol.
We can use the formula:
number of moles = mass / molar mass
Substituting the values, we get:
number of moles = 45 g / 18.015 g/mol
number of moles = 2.497 mol (rounded to three significant figures)
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How Scandium affects the government
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For an Alumina (Al2O3) specimen having a Fracture Toughness (KIC) of 3.4 MPa-m1/2, an applied load of 0.125 GPa, what is the maximum internal flaw (Y=1):
The term Fractured Toughness is defined as the plane strain fracture toughness. This is expressed as KIC.
KIC stands for Fractured Toughness which is defined as a measure of the resistance of a material to crack extension under predominantly linear-elastic conditions that is low toughness conditions when there is little to no plastic deformation occurring at the crack tip. KIC is considered as the lower limiting value of fracture toughness in the environment and at the speed and temperature of the test and can be considered as a size-independent fracture parameter for brittle materials. There is no advance assurance that a valid fractured toughness value will be determined from a particular test of the specimen.
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Select the correct IUPAC name and the common name for a carboxylic acid having a structural formula of CH3-CC View Available Hint(s) propanoic acid, propionic acid 0 methanoic acid, formic acid eethanoic acid acetic acid o ethanoic acid, formic acid
The correct IUPAC name for the carboxylic acid having a structural formula of CH3-CC is ethanoic acid, and its common name is propionic acid.
The correct IUPAC name and the common name for a carboxylic acid having a structural formula of CH3-CC is propanoic acid and propionic acid. Carboxylic acid is a group of organic compounds in which a carboxyl functional group (-COOH) is linked to a hydrocarbon chain. In carboxylic acids, the carbon atom of the carboxyl group is sp2 hybridized, with the remaining p orbital on the carbonyl carbon interacting with a neighboring O atom, allowing for the delocalization of the electron pair on the C=O bond. The carboxyl functional group is composed of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group.
The prefix for the group -COOH is carboxy-.The structural formula of CH3-CC:
To determine the IUPAC name and common name of the carboxylic acid with this structural formula, the steps below should be followed:
Propanoic acid is the IUPAC name for CH3-CC carboxylic acid. Propionic acid is the common name for CH3-CC carboxylic acid.
Therefore, the correct IUPAC name and the common name for a carboxylic acid having a structural formula of CH3-CC is propanoic acid and propionic acid.
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How does a phase change affect a thermochemical equation?
O It alters the products.
O It alters the moles of reactants.
O It affects the balance of the equation.
O It can affect the AH value.
The correct answer is option D, It can affect the AH value.
What is a phase change?A phase change is a physical change in a substance in which the substance's state of matter is changed, such as from a gas to a liquid or from a liquid to a solid. It is also known as a phase transition.
Phase changes also involve changes in energy, temperature, and pressure. For example, when a solid melts to become a liquid, it absorbs energy and the temperature rises. When a liquid boils to become a gas, energy is released and the temperature decreases. Similarly, when a gas condenses to become a liquid, energy is released and the pressure increases.
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______ is produced anytime current flows in a circuit, due to the collision between the flowing free electrons and the fixed atoms.
Heat is produced anytime current flows in a circuit, due to the collision between the flowing free electrons and the fixed atoms. When an electric current flows through a conductor, the free electrons move through the lattice of atoms.
As they move, they collide with the fixed atoms, causing the atoms to vibrate and transfer energy to neighboring atoms. This energy transfer increases the temperature of the conductor, resulting in the production of heat.
The amount of heat produced is directly proportional to the amount of current flowing through the conductor, the resistance of the conductor, and the time for which the current flows. This relationship is described by Joule's law, which states that the heat produced is equal to the product of the current, the resistance, and the time.
Mathematically, this can be expressed as H = I^2RT, where H is the heat produced, I is the current, R is the resistance, and T is the time. The collision between the flowing free electrons and the fixed atoms in a conductor leads to the production of heat, which is proportional to the current, resistance, and time for which the current flows.
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Write the equation representing the 3rd ionization energy for Cu.
The equation that is going to show the loss of the third electron from the copper at is;
Cu(s) ----> Cu^3+ + 3e
What is ionization energy?Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or a positively charged ion in its gaseous state. It is also known as ionization potential or ionization enthalpy.
The ionization energy of an atom varies based on its position in the periodic table, and it generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.
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if you have the following reaction, how many moles of water are made for each mole of acetic acid used?g
When we have the following balanced reaction, CH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O, one mole of water is formed for each mole of acetic acid used.
Generally, we can define, Stoichiometry as the calculation of products and reactants in a chemical reaction. It is basically related with numbers. Mole ratio, is common type of stoichiometric relation, which relates the amounts in moles of any two substances in chemical reaction.
We have a balanced chemical reaction, CH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O, where, acetic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide and water molecules formed with Sodium acetate. Now, we have to determine the moles of water are formed for each mole of acetic acid used.
Using the stoichiometry concept, one mole of acetic acid reacts with one mole of sodium hydroxide forming one mole of water and one mole of Sodium acetate. Therefore, one mole of water is formed for each mole of acetic acid used.
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Complete question:
if you have the following reaction,
CH₃COOH + NaOH ==> CH₃COONa + H₂O, how many moles of water are made for each mole of acetic acid used?
Describe heterogeneous catalysts Question Heterogeneous catalysis most frequently involves a catalyst in the solid phase liquid phase gas phase any of the above
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in the solid phase, meaning that the catalyst is a solid material while the reactants are either in the liquid or gas phase. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It is also known as a "spark plug" because it is the agent that initiates the reaction.
The most frequently used type of catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis is those in the solid phase. Heterogeneous catalysis is a process that involves a catalyst that is in a different phase from the reactants or products. Therefore, the answer to the question above is a catalyst in the solid phase.A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the process.
In other words, it increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy needed to start the reaction. The catalytic process involves three stages: adsorption, reaction, and desorption.Heterogeneous catalystsHeterogeneous catalysts are those catalysts that are in a different phase from the reactants or products in a chemical reaction. Heterogeneous catalysis most frequently involves a catalyst in the solid phase, although it can also involve a catalyst in the liquid or gas phase.
Heterogeneous catalysis typically involves a solid catalyst that is in contact with a liquid or gas reactant. A good example of heterogeneous catalysts is when a metal oxide catalyst is used to break down nitrogen oxides in car exhaust gases.
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The air trapped inside a 240 mL glass bottle has a pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 25.0 °C. You put the glass bottle into a freezer. After several hours, the air trapped inside the bottle has a temperature of -35.0 °C and a pressure of 0.80 atm. Determine the value of k for the air trapped inside the glass bottle before and after cooling to show that P equals kT.
The value of k for the air trapped inside the glass bottle before and after cooling is 0.2021, thus proving that P equals kT.
The air trapped inside a 240 mL glass bottle has a pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 25.0 °C. To determine the value of k for the air trapped inside the glass bottle before and after cooling to show that P equals kT, we need to use the ideal gas law equation, which states that PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. When the bottle is put into the freezer, the temperature decreases from 25.0 °C to -35.0 °C and the pressure decreases from 1.0 atm to 0.80 atm. Therefore, we can calculate the value of k by plugging in the values of pressure and temperature into the equation: PV = nRT. By rearranging the equation and solving for k, we find that k = PV/nRT. Plugging in the values, we get k = (1.0 atm x 240 mL) / (n x 0.0821 atm•L/mol•K x (25.0°C - (-35.0°C)) = 0.2021. This means that the value of k for the air trapped inside the glass bottle before and after cooling is 0.2021, thus proving that P equals kT.
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